Material

Machinable Glass Ceramic

Machinable glass ceramic (commercially known as Macor®) is a white, odourless glass-ceramic that can be machined with ordinary high-speed steel tools to tight tolerances, then used continuously at temperatures up…

Machinable glass ceramic (commercially known as Macor®) is a white, odourless glass-ceramic that can be machined with ordinary high-speed steel tools to tight tolerances, then used continuously at temperatures up to 800 °C with virtually no outgassing in vacuum.

It was developed for aerospace and nuclear applications where a dimensionally stable, vacuum-compatible, electrically insulating component was needed in complex geometries that would be prohibitively expensive to produce in alumina or alumina nitride. Today it is used across semiconductor equipment, medical devices, laboratory instrumentation and photonics.

Typical Properties

Indicative ranges — confirm grade and test conditions before design commitment.

PropertyIndicative Value
CompositionFluorophlogopite glass-ceramic
Density2.52 g/cm3
Vickers hardness250-350 HV
Flexural strength100-150 MPa
Fracture toughness1.5-2.5 MPa.m1/2
Max. service temperature800 C (1000 C short term)
Thermal conductivity1.5 W/m.K
Thermal expansion (20-1000 C)9.3 x10-6/K
Potential Advantages

Machinable with standard HSS/carbide tools (no diamond needed); holds tight tolerances (±0.01 mm); zero outgassing in vacuum; excellent electrical insulator; good strength-to-machinability ratio; FDA-compliant for food and medical contact.

Design Considerations

Thermal expansion (9.0–10.5×10^−6/K) is higher than most technical ceramics — avoid clamping it rigidly between materials with very different expansion. Maximum continuous temperature is 800 °C (short excursions to 1000 °C are possible). Not as hard or wear-resistant as sintered alumina.

Limitations & Trade-offs

Lower maximum temperature than sintered ceramics (800 °C continuous); higher thermal expansion than Al₂O₃ or SiC; moderate hardness and wear resistance; not suitable for severe abrasive or high-impact applications; cost per kg is higher than alumina for simple shapes (but cheaper for complex shapes due to machinability).